Modular design of mechanical engineering—Taking a portable can crusher as an example
机械工程模块化设计——以便携式易拉罐粉碎机为例

摘要

为解决传统易拉罐粉碎机体积庞大、移动不便、功能单一及维护成本高的问题，基于机械工程模块化设计理念，提出一种便携式易拉罐粉碎机的设计方案。通过对粉碎机功能进行拆解与模块化划分，确定动力模块、破碎模块、传动模块、机架模块及控制模块五大核心模块，完成各模块的结构设计与参数匹配，并开展模块间接口的标准化设计，实现模块的快速组装、拆卸与替换。仿真分析与实物样机测试结果表明，该便携式易拉罐粉碎机整体质量仅为12.5kg，最大破碎效率达85个/min，破碎后易拉罐体积压缩比为7:1，且各模块运行稳定、拆装便捷，维护成本降低40%以上。该设计方案不仅提升了粉碎机的便携性与通用性，也为小型废旧金属破碎设备的模块化设计提供了参考。

Abstract

To address the problems of large size, inconvenient mobility, limited functionality, and high maintenance costs of traditional can crushers, a design scheme for a portable can crusher is proposed based on the modular design concept of mechanical engineering. By disassembling and modularizing the crusher's functions, five core modules are identified: a power module, a crushing module, a transmission module, a frame module, and a control module. The structural design and parameter matching of each module are completed, and the standardized design of the interfaces between modules is carried out to achieve rapid assembly, disassembly, and replacement of modules. Simulation analysis and physical prototype testing results show that the overall weight of this portable can crusher is only 12.5 kg, the maximum crushing efficiency reaches 85 pieces/min, the volume compression ratio of crushed cans is 7:1, and each module operates stably, is easy to assemble and disassemble, and reduces maintenance costs by more than 40%. This design not only improves the portability and versatility of the crusher, but also provides a reference for the modular design of small-scale scrap metal crushing equipment.