Exploration of material safety and detection methods for additive manufacturing (3D printing) toys
增材制造（3D打印）玩具的材料安全性与检测方法探索

摘要

随着增材制造（3D打印）技术在玩具生产中的应用日益广泛，材料安全性成为关注焦点。3D打印玩具直接接触儿童，其材料中可能存在的有害物质及其迁移风险引发了社会与监管机构的高度重视。本文围绕3D打印玩具材料的安全性展开探讨，分析常用聚乳酸（PLA）、聚酰胺（PA）、光敏树脂等材料的特性及潜在危害，结合国家及国际标准，梳理现有检测方法，包括理化分析、毒理学检测及迁移试验等。通过对比不同方法的适用性与局限性，提出针对3D打印玩具的综合检测思路，为企业生产、质量控制及标准制定提供参考。

Abstract

With the increasing adoption of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in toy production, material safety has become a critical concern. As 3D-printed toys come into direct contact with children, the potential presence of hazardous substances and migration risks in these materials have drawn significant attention from both society and regulatory authorities. This paper investigates the safety of 3D-printed toy materials, analyzing the characteristics and potential hazards of commonly used polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyamide (PA), and photosensitive resins. In accordance with national and international standards, existing testing methods—including physicochemical analysis, toxicological testing, and migration studies—are systematically reviewed. By evaluating the applicability and limitations of different methodologies, this research proposes a comprehensive testing framework for 3D-printed toys, providing valuable references for manufacturers, quality control systems, and standardization efforts.